Federal Republic of China

The Federal Republic of China (Zhōnghuá Liánbāng Gònghéguó) is a sovereign state in East Asia. It is one of the world's most populous countries with 950.5 million people. FRC is a heavily decentralised federation consisting of sixteen provinces and four federal cities. None of the federal-level officials or bodies is directly elected: the National Assembly is elected by the Provincial Parliaments (PPs) and the Administrative Councils (ACs) of federal cities in proportion with the composition of these province-level legislatures; the President is elected by the Mayors and Governors Council; and the Federal Cabinet consists of 20 people, each appointed by a Provincial Governor or City Mayor (and approved by the National Assembly). On the other hand, both the Governors/Mayors and the PPs/ACs are directly elected. This "bottom-up" structure reflect the foundations of the FRC: the FRC was founded by representatives of the sixteen provinces plus Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin in January 1948 in Chongqing, Sichuan.

Administration
FRC consists of four federal cities: and sixteen provinces:
 * Chongqing, the Capital City
 * Beijing
 * Shanghai
 * Tianjin
 * Anhui
 * Gansu
 * Guizhou
 * Hebei
 * Henan
 * Hubei
 * Hunan
 * Jiangsu
 * Jiangxi
 * Qinghai
 * Shaanxi
 * Shandong
 * Shanxi
 * Sichuan
 * Yunnan
 * Zhejiang

The other provinces of the ROC

 * Tannu Uriankhai region of the Mongolia Area became independent in 1921 as Tannu Tuva and integrated into the Soviet Union. The Chongqing Congress affirmed Soviet sovereignty.
 * The rest of Mongolia Area also became independent in 1921 as the Republic of Mongolia. The Chongqing Congress also recognised this.
 * In 1947, the majority of the provinces of Ningxia, Suiyuan, Chahar and Xing'an were annexed by Mongolia. The Chongqing Congress affirmed Mongolian sovereignty on more than half of the area, but the official border was not concluded until 1955 in a border treaty. Parts of Xinjiang and Gansu were also eventually annexed.
 * The Chongqing Congress declared its sovereignty over the Eastern half of the Xikang province. The rest of the province joined Tibet Area to become part of the Kingdom of Tibet, reorganised by South German forces.
 * Guangxi and Guangdong were taken over by Montenegrin and Albanian forces fighting in Vietnam in 1948. The Republic of Southern China, also known as "the two Guangs", were formed that same year. The FRC relinquished claims to these two provinces in 1950.
 * The western border of Xinjiang was revised several times. In 1949, the remaining part of Xinjiang was ceded to the Turkish forces who then set up the Republic of East Turkestan.
 * The provinces of Heilongjiang, Hejiang, Songjiang, Nenjiang, Liaobei, Jilin, Andong and Liaoning were not claimed by the Chongqing Congress. The Republic of Manchuria was set up by the British forces on these 8 provinces in 1949.
 * Jehol province was split between the FRC and Manchuria in 1950.
 * FRC forces succeeded in fighting the Communists and Nationalists. The Nationalists then retreated to Fujian province (including Taiwan), which did not sent representatives to the Chongqing Congress. The Chongqing Congress ended its claims to the province in 1951.